1 Install debootstrap

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pacman -Sy debootstrap

2 Format partitions

Assuming that you already have this partition layout:

Mount Point File System Device
/boot/efi FAT32 /dev/nvme0n1p1
/ ext4 /dev/nvme0n1p2
- swap /dev/nvme0n1p3 
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mkfs.vfat -n EFI -F 32 /dev/nvme0n1p1
mkfs.ext4 -L debian /dev/nvme0n1p2
mkswap -L swap /dev/nvme0n1p3

3 Bootstrap the base system

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mount /dev/disk/by-label/debian /mnt -o rw,noatime
debootstrap sid /mnt <package mirror, e.g. https://deb.debian.org/debian/>

4 Mount other partitions and generate fstab

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mount --mkdir /dev/disk/by-label/EFI /mnt/boot/efi
swapon /dev/disk/by-label/swap
genfstab -L /mnt > /mnt/etc/fstab

5 Chroot stage

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arch-chroot /mnt

# Fix PATH environment variable
export PATH=$PATH:/sbin:/usr/sbin

# Set hostname
echo debian > /etc/hostname

# Set root password
passwd

# Add a new user
adduser <username>

# Configure Locales
apt install locales
dpkg-reconfigure locales

# Configure timezone
dpkg-reconfigure tzdata

# Install kernel
apt install linux-image-amd64

# Install grub
apt install grub-efi
grub-install
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

# Install NetworkManager
apt install network-manager

# Exit chroot
exit

6 Run reboot and boot into the newly installed system